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SECOND PREMOLARS |
In many extraction cases there are aesthetic and tooth fit advantages in preferring second premolars over first premolars, followed by sectional mechanics at the start of treatment.
Size, shape and aesthetics |
– why the 4-3 contact can be more aesthetic than the 5-3 contact – recognising and taking advantage of smaller upper second premolars |
Lower second premolars |
– managing teeth with abnormal crown form or rotations – dealing with tooth size and molar relationship in agenesis cases |
Anchorage theories |
– the anchorage difference between first and second premolar extractions – why conventional thinking may not be supported by the research findings |
Sectional mechanics |
– correct techniques and tips for getting the best from sectional mechanics – how to successfully transition from sectional to full arch mechanics |

Aesthetics 5-4-3


